752 TOURISM LAW IN EUROPE I. BACKGROUND The profession of “Tourist Guide” was already contemplated in Article 2 of the Royal Decree of 25 April 1928, which created the National Tourist Board; among the functions of the Board was that of “llegar a la implantación de Escuelas de Turismo que faciliten personal titulado en el número que se estime preciso, con dominio de los idiomas extranjeros más extendidos y con la debida cultura artística para servir de guías aptos a los turistas”2. An Order of 21 November 1929 established a subdivision of the profession into categories according to the territorial scope and linguistic knowledge: local, insular, provincial, regional, and national guides. An Order of 15 December 1939 regulates the activities of free tourist guides, classifying them as follows: Interpreters, Guides, Guide-Interpreters and Couriers. This Order was repealed by another Order of 23 May 1947 which, among other things, established free access to museums and monuments under the auspices of the Directorate General of Fine Arts for guides and interpreters. A few years later, in the Order of 26 June 1951, the figure of the interpreter disappeared, leaving the classification with three categories (Guides, Guide- -Interpreters and Couriers)3. Guides and Guide-Interpreters could be local, insular, provincial, or regional, depending on the area in which they were authorised to work4. During the period of the Ministry of Information and Tourism, new regulations were made for tourist guides, guides-interpreters, and couriers by an Order of 17 July 1952 (modified by those of 10 July 1953 and 18 May 1954), and in 1963 the Official School of Tourism5 was created by Decree 2427/1963, 2 Translator’s note: “establishing Tourist Schools to provide qualified personnel in the number deemed necessary, with a command of the most widespread foreign languages and with the necessary artistic culture to serve as suitable guides for tourists”. 3 See CALZADO MONTOBBÍO, Mª Victoria “Información turística” in the collective work “50 años del turismo español”, Centro de Estudios Ramón Areces, 1999, p. 1060. 4 Article 5 of the Order of 26 June 1951 established twelve Tourist Regions: 1) Provinces of Madrid, Toledo, Ciudad Real, Albacete, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Segovia and Ávila; 2) Provinces of Córdoba, Sevilla, Huelva, Cádiz, Málaga, Granada, Almería and Jaén; 3) Provinces of Murcia, Alicante, Valencia and Castellón; 4) Balearic Islands; 5) Provinces of Barcelona, Tarragona, Lérida and Gerona; 6) Provinces of Huesca, Zaragoza and Teruel; 7) Provinces of Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa, Álava and Navarra; 8) Provinces of Santander, Burgos, Logroño, Soria, Valladolid and Palencia; 9) Provinces of Asturias, La Coruña, Lugo, Orense and Pontevedra; 10) Provinces of León, Zamora and Salamanca; 11) Provinces of Cáceres and Badajoz; and 12) Canary Islands. 5 In the academic year 1957-58, a Professional School of Tourism was created in Madrid, called “Centro Español de Nuevas Profesiones”, followed by others of a private nature, motivated by the growing development of tourism in Spain and the consequent reflection in the creation of jobs with adequate qualifications and specialisation.
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