COLLABORATIVE TOURISM ACTIVITIES 233 That said, it remains to be addressed whether all the activities above fit into the so-called collaborative economy. In this case, two antagonistic doctrinal positions can be found. The first one considers as collaborative economy any economic activity carried out through digital platforms, regardless of whether there is a profit motive and of whether it is developed between odd or even numbers19. The second, however, which we find more appropriate – even if it is difficult to defend it given the position adopted by the Commission20 –, conceives of a collaborative economy as one that is carried out between peers, without a business structure that is typical of a professional in the market and without any profit motive in mind. In other words, the only activity that could be understood as a collaborative economy is one that meets two criteria: 1) the existence of a direct relationship between peers or equals thanks to light intermediation of the platform, thus truly sharing a resource and escaping the usual relationship between supplier and client21; and 2) that this resource’s 19 Among them, ALFONSO SÁNCHEZ, R., “Aproximación jurídica a la economía colaborativa: diferentes realidades”, Cuadernos de Derecho y Comercio, no. 66, 2016, p. 17; DOMÉNECH PASCUAL, G., “La regulación de la economía colaborativa (“Uber contra el taxi”)”, Revista CEFLEGAL, CEF, no. 175-176, 2015, p. 65; and HERRERO SUÁREZ, C., “Las viviendas de uso turístico: El enemigo a batir? Reflexiones sobre la normativa autonómica en materia de alojamientos turísticos”, Revista de Estudios Europeos, no. 70, 2017, p. 148. LÓPEZ ROMÁN, E., “Economía colaborativa, competencia y el mercado único digital”, Diario La Ley, no. 8691, 28 January 2016, defines it as businesses based on the use of ICT whose platforms allow communities of users to participate actively and massively in order to provide and share certain services or goods. From a more economic perspective, this thesis is also defended by BULCHANDGIDUMAL, J. & MELIÁN-GONZÁLEZ, S., Una guía para entender la economía colaborativa: de clientesconsumidores a individuos-provedores, op. cit, pp. 5 et seq., as well as in Relación entre sostenibilidad y turismo colaborativo a partir de las quejas recibidas en el alojamiento en vivienda vacacional, Cuadernos económicos de ICE, no. 93, 2017, pp. 91 et seq. 20 The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions A European agenda for the collaborative economy, COM (2016) 356 final, p. 3, defines it as those business models where activities are facilitated through collaborative platforms that create an open market for the temporary use of goods or services often offered by individuals. 21 Among them are MIRANDA SERRANO, L. M., “Economía colaborativa y competencia desleal. ¿Deslealtad por violación de normas a través de la prestación de servicios facilitados por plataformas digitales?”, Revista de Estudios Europeos, no. 70, 2017, p. 203; and, TOURIÑO, A., “La economía colaborativa desde la óptica de la competencia desleal. Análisis de los autos de medidas cautelares dictados en los chaos de Uber, Blablacar y Cabify”, Actualidad Civil, no. 4, April 2016, electronic edition, p. 4. We are aware that the concept defended excludes the exchange of goods and services carried out between equals that would make it possible to connect supply and demand in a much more agile way than was done before the generalisation of such platforms, although this does not really mean sharing a resource. This is the case, for example, with Etecé or Wallapop: the former is a service of trusted professionals who perform the tasks you do not want or cannot do, from errands, household repairs, cleaning services, transporting goods, to home beauty treatment (available in: https://www.mola.com/portfolio/etece/); the latter allows individuals to buy and sell second-hand goods (https://es.wallapop.com/). On the subject, TOURIÑO, A., “La economía colaborativa desde la óptica de la competencia desleal. Análisis de los autos de medidas cautelares dictados en los caos de Uber, Blablacar y Cabify”, op. cit., p. 4, who understands that in these
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTE4NzM5Nw==