494 COMPETITION LAW IN TOURISM competition among platforms since the commitment to change broad to narrow parity clause in the entire European Economic Zone was produced in July 2015. FINAL REMARKS It is important to acknowledge that National and Supranational Competition Authorities have both had concerns about the rising market power of online platforms and the necessity of devices to regulate their abusive behaviours, especially online travel agencies. In the first developments, each nation attempted to regulate in order to avoid these abuses against free competition with National Competition Authorities or juridical decisions and legislative developments. The European Union initiative to produce a proposal of Regulation on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services is a commendable effort and also worthy of attention because the supranational regulation will have impact on the national markets related to online travel agencies. Following the debates and the suggestions towards a final text of the regulation, it will be very important to improve future rules to prohibit abuse and to promote an effective competition environment among the tourism sector’s stakeholders. REFERENCES ABLASSER-NEUHUBER, Astrid, & FUSSENEGGER, Gerhard. Austria. In KILPATRICK, Bruce, KOBEL, Pierre, & KËLLEZI, Pranvera (org.). Antitrust analysis of online sales platforms & copyright limitations and exceptions. Cham: Springer, 2018, pp. 91-105. BATISTA, Pedro Henrique D. et al. Narrow price parity clauses and restrictions of competition. GRUR International, v. 69, no. 2, 2020, pp. 197-203. BELLEFLAMME, Paul, & PEITZ, Martin. Platforms and network effects. In: CORCHÓN, Luis C. (org.). Handbook on game theory and industrial organization: volume II – applications. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2018, pp. 286-317. BRETON, Jean-Marie. Droit et politique du tourisme. Paris: Juris Éditions, 2016. BUEHLER, B. et al. Recent developments at DG Competition: 2016/2017. Review of Industrial Organization, v. 51, no. 4, 2017, pp. 397-422. COLANGELO, Margherita. Parity clauses and Competition Law in digital marketplaces: the case of online hotel booking. Journal of European Competition Law & Practice, v. 8, no. 1, 2017, pp. 3-14. EZRACHI, Ariel. The competitive effects of parity clauses on online commerce. European Competition Journal, v. 11, no. 2-3, 2015, pp. 488-519. EZRACHI, Ariel, & STUCKE, Maurice E. Virtual competition: the promise and perils of the algorithm- -driven economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016.
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