ACTS THAT MAY CAUSE CONFUSION AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON TOURISM 395 to protect consumers against confusion. However, the need for imitation summed to the immunity given by the freedom of imitation principle puts consumers at risk while contradictorily benefiting them, the market and competitors. Despite the likelihood of confusion, imitation practices continue to flourish within the tourism ecosystems and the limits for law application are getting blurrier as the industry gets broader and more stakeholders are becoming incorporated to the interfirm network. More empirical studies need to be carried out in this area in order to more clearly determine the potential effects of imitation and other practices that may cause confusion. 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY Aarstad, J., Håvard, Ness S. A., Haugland, O., & Kvitastein, A. (2018). Imitation strategies and interfirm networks in the tourism industry: A structure–agency approach, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management (Vol. 9), September, pp. 166-174. Beebe, B. (2016). Trademark Law: An Open-Source Casebook. Camison, C., & Monfort, V. M. (2012). Measuring Innovation in Tourism from the Schumpeterian and the Dynamic-Capabilities Perspectives, Article in Tourism Management. CEDDET OEPM, Gestión y evaluación de marcas, Modulo 2: las prohibiciones relativas de registro de marcas, regulación y régimen jurídico. Dinwoodie, G. B., & Janis, M. D. (2013). Trademarks and Unfair Competition: Law and Policy (4th Edition). Aspen Casebook Series. Freeman, L. C. (1979). Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1(3), pp. 215-239. FTC Fact Sheet: How Competition Works, available at: https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/sites/default/ files/games/offsite/youarehere/pages/pdf/FTC-Competition_How-Comp-Works.pdf. Godfrey, N. (2008). Why is Competition Important for Growth and Poverty Reduction?. VII Global Forum On International Investment, OECD. Gomes-Casseres, B. (2003). Competitive advantage in alliance constellations. Strategic Organization, 1(3) pp. 327-335. Haugland, S. A., Ness, H., Grønseth, B. O., &Aarstad, J. (2011). Development of tourismdestinations: An integrated multilevel perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), pp. 268-290. Hjalager, A. (2002). “Repairing innovation defectiveness in tourism” Tourism Management (Vol. 23) pp. 465-474. Hjalager A. (1994). Dynamic innovation in the tourist industry. Progress in Tourism Recreation and Hospitality Management. (Vol. 6) pp. 197–224. Huang, L. (2013). Building a barrier-to-imitation strategy model in the travel agency industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(4), pp. 313-326. In Re Joanne Slokevage, US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 441 F.3d 957 (Fed. Cir. 2006). Maggioni, I., Marcoz, E. M., & Mauri, C. (2014). Segmenting networking orientation in the hospitality industry: An empirical research on service bundling International Journal of Hospitality Management, 42, pp. 192-201. Manzo, G. G. (2018). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact World.
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