108 COMPETITION LAW IN TOURISM move forward, by putting this theoretical discussion into practice in order to avoid, or at least mitigate, potential adverse consequences of the infringement of antitrust law. For obvious reasons, the implementation of any measure must bring about the need for the investment of money and resources, which is very rarely welcomed by businesses. Any type of preventive tool is usually perceived as an investment in something that does not result in direct profits. In the long run, however, the party that spends even a small amount of resources on such preventive investments can avoid devastating consequences of antitrust law infringement as well as potential antitrust damages actions of the injured parties. BIBLIOGRAPHY Antitrust: Commission opens investigation into airline ticket distribution services, Brussels, 23 November 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/denmark/content/antitrust-commission-opens-investigation-airline- ticket-distribution-services_en). R. August, D. Mayer, M. Bixby, International Business Law, Text, Cases, and Readings, Pearson 2013. Communication from the Commission on quantifying harm in actions for damages based on breaches of Article 101 or 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (2013/C 167/07) (https://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2013:167:0019:0021:EN: PDF). D. A. Crane, Optimizing Private Antitrust Enforcement, Vand. L. Rev. 63, no. 2/2010. N. Dunne, The Role of Private Enforcement within EU Competition Law, King’s College London Dickson Poon School of Law, Legal Studies Research Paper Series, Paper No. 36/2014, June 2014. C. D. Floyd, E. T. Sullivan, Private Antitrust Actions, The Structure and Process of Civil Antitrust Litigation, Little, Brown and Company 1996. P. Freeman, Better to travel hopefully than to arrive? The Reform of UK Competition Law 1991-2016, Regulatory Policy Institute 25th Anniversary Conference, Merton College Oxford 12th/13th September 2016 (retrieved from: http://www.catribunal.org.uk/files/The%20Reform%20 of%20UK%20Competition%20 Law%201991-2016.pdf ). Guidance to national courts: Quantification of harm caused by infringements of the EU antitrust rules (http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/actionsdamages/quantification_en.html). ICC Antitrust Compliance Toolkit, accessible at: https://iccwbo.org/publication/icc-antitrust- -compliance-toolkit/. C. A. Jones, Private Enforcement of Antitrust Law in the EU, UK and USA, Oxford 1999. Joseph, C. Gallo, Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Joseph L. Craycraft, Charles J. Parker, Criminal Penalties under the Sherman Act: A Study of Law and Economics, Research in Law and Economics, Vol. 16. D.-E. Kahn, Ch.-K. P. Suh, (in:) European Union Treaties, R. Geiger, D.-E. Khan, M. Kotzur (eds.), C.H.Beck 2015. Kodeks Cywilny/Civil Code, Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa 2011. R.H. Lande, J.P. Davis, Benefits from Private Antitrust Enforcement: An Analysis of Forty Cases, University of San Francisco Law Research Paper, No. 2010-07. Robert H. Lande, Five Myths About Antitrust Damages, University of San Francisco Law Review, Vol. 40, 2006.
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